The following is a guide for beginners in the hobby, I have adapted the original version as best I can in this site. If you would like a copy of the MS Word document, please email me at bcoleary@worldnet.att.net. Please note also, that the Appedices are directed mostly at the U.S. market, and will often mention U.S. retailers as opposed to those of other countries, and that the whole project is generally focussed at gamers in the American midwest. An attempt has been made to familiarize new gamers with many venders related to gaming, this document is not intended as an endorsement of their service. More of the links will be activated as time permits

A Beginners Guide to Historical Miniatures Gaming

Compiled by Brian O'Leary with contributions from the members of HMGS-Great Lakes

Getting Started

Introduction
Getting started in the hobby of historical miniatures gaming may seem quite daunting, but in reality, everything you need is readily available. It is just a matter of knowing where to look. The following is a step by step process explaining what is needed, what must be done and where to find the items needed to participate in a game.

Finding an Historical Period to Game
Most of the gamers that I know have started out by gaming a period in which they have already had an interest. Whether it is the second world war, a crusade to the holy land, or defeating Napoleon at Waterloo, you will follow the similar steps in fielding that first army.

The most obvious sources of inspiration are movies and books. What have you seen or read that has drawn an emotional response from you? That might be the period for you. Appendix 3 offers a list of books for many historical periods that may assist you in choosing the period and scope of your games. Another idea might be to find a local gaming club and find out what periods they game.

If you have no historical period in mind, consider what type of warfare attracts your interest; sword wielding barbarians holding back the Imperial legions of Rome? Lines of muzzle loading confederates fighting for the life of their young nation? Or, rolling across the Steppes of the Soviet Union in your new Tiger tank? Consider the technology, whether infantry, cavalry or motorized troops offers the most appeal, whether pageantry, flags, and colorful uniforms or camouflage and tracks instill a sense of excitement. Another thing to consider is the terrain in which the battles were fought; the greenery of Europe or the yellows of the desert might have an impact on the interest of the game.

Scope of Battle
Consideration needs to be given to the level of combat and command that most appeals to you. Miniature games can be played at different "levels". One person may find that maneuvering a squad (8-12 soldiers) or platoon (3-4 squads) of Marines through the jungles of Vietnam has the right flavor, while the next guy prefers to order regiments or divisions around Gettysburg.

Rules are generally designed around portraying the manor in which units operated on the battlefield. The rules will emphasize the command and control characteristics at the chosen level; at squad level, small unit tactics will be emphasized, while at division level, effort will be made to portray divisional command and maneuver. Rules are available for almost all periods of land, sea, and air warfare.

 

Rules and Figure Basics

Rules
Once you've determined the historical period and scope of game that you wish to pursue, you must choose a set of Rules. You will find that most periods are supported by one of more sets of rules, and that some rules are intended to be use for more than one historical era. Often rules that cover multiple eras will make some compromise in "accuracy" or detail in order to make one set of game mechanics work with the evolved tactics and technology of the periods covered. Generally, the greater the span of time covered by the rules, the more compromise you will find.

Rules complexity must also be considered. One of the greatest debates in the hobby relates to playability vs. accuracy and detail. One set may have 4 pages of rules and a few accompanying charts, while the next has 250 pages and 45 charts and tables. You will need to decide what best suits you. If you are detail oriented, complex rules may work well for you. If you want to be playing 20 minutes after starting to read them, try a simple set. If you are in a toss up, try a simple set and if they do not feed your hunger, move on to a more involved set. If nothing else, simpler rules tend to be less expensive and fast to learn; you are not out much if you out grow them rapidly.

Figures, Troops and Proportional Representation
Within the hobby, the smallest or lowest level of play is skirmish level; at this level, players typically control a half dozen to 40 figures, and each figure usually represents a single soldier. This gives a very personal feel to the game, where the actions of the soldier are almost role-played. In order to play larger battles on a reasonably sized game table, most rules systems will use a proportional representation of figures to troops, with the base size of the figures representing a "frontage" corresponding the type of unit represented in the real world.

In a proportional representation, each figure can represent anything from two to hundreds of troops. In this way, large battles involving many battalions, regiments, or divisions can be represented without the player needing to purchase hundreds or thousands of figures.

Generally, games using proportional representation of figures to troops use a figure scale for the troops and a different ground scale for determining weapon ranges and movement distances. While this may seem anomalous, the rules have been designed to allow for this and through their mechanics will present a reasonable way of working around the conflicts that might seem likely to occur.

Figure Scales
Gaming figures come in a wide variety of scales. While the scale you use may be dictated by the rules that you settle on, you may want to consider which scale or scales are the most pleasing to you prior to purchasing rules. Generally, the smaller the scale, the more figures you can, and probably will put on the game table.

Most figure scales are referred to by a number of millimeters (such as 25mm, or 15mm); this usually refers to the height of a soldier from the soles of his feet to his eyes while standing. The result is that a 25mm figure is a little over and inch tall, a 15mm figure is a little under an inch tall, etc. Figure scales are a little ambiguous in that all manufacturers are not standardized. The result is that one 25mm figure may be 1/64th scale while the next may be 1/68th scale. You will need to investigate figure compatibility when buying, but don't panic, virtually all manufacturer's figures are compatible with some other manufacturers. To determine figure compatibility, you might refer to some of the sources in appendix 4. Also, you can request samples from manufacturers; they may or may not require payment for a sample.

Most rules will recommend a figure scale or scales to use with the system; some are designed to be universal in that they will work with any scale. When looking for rules, keep in mind what scales are preferable; you will probably not be happy with the game if your heart is set on 25mm figures and the rules call for 6mm.

Common Miniatures Scales
The most common scales are listed below with approximate modeling scale equivalents; some figure scales are considered different modeling scales by various sources and that is reflected here:

5mm 1/300 Micro scale commonly used for armor battles
6mm 1/285 Micro scale commonly used for armor battles
10mm 1/160 Newer scale gaining popularity, is also N gauge model RR scale.
12mm Newer scale gaining popularity.
15mm 1/100, 1/108 Probably the most common, offers good compromise between
figure size and figure cost
HO 1/87 Often referred to as Roco scale after the armor manufacturer, also
model RR scale
20mm 1/76, 1/72 Not as popular as 15mm , but offering a similar trade off in
size vs. price, it is a reasonable scale for skirmish level games.
25mm 1/68, 1/64, 1/72 These are the "smallish" 25mm figs, some claim to be 1/72, but
most tend to be larger toward the 1/68 to 1/64 range.
28mm 1/60, 1/56, 1/48 This is an off-shoot of 25mm (it is sometimes called Heroic
scale) and is considered to be interchangeable with 25mm by some, while the figs tend to be more toward 1/60 scale, many used 1/48 scale accessories with them.

Naval scales include 1/600, 1/700, 1/1200, 1/2400, 1/4800, and 1/6000 and are not typically referred as millimeter scales. A few ships are made in the millimeter scales for naval battles, but these are generally for use in skirmish, boarding actions, or as peripheral elements of land battles as opposed to naval battles.

Aircraft are available in several of the naval scales such as 1/2400, and in larger scales such as the "micro" scales and in 10mm and 15mm scale. Plastic or resin models are also often used in 1/144, 1/100, and 1/72 scales

 

Getting it Together

Rules
Now that you know the period that you want too game, and have an idea about figure scales, the scope of the battles, and rules complexity, it is time to find your rules. Look at Appendix 1, in it you will find rules and manufacturers of different scales of figures for many historical periods. You can find information about these rules by talking with gamers, playing them with clubs (a list of clubs is on the HMGS-GL web site, see Appendix 4), inquiring at hobby shops, or on the internet. Appendix 4 has a list of web sites, many of which address rules for certain periods. The most comprehensive site listed is probably "The Miniatures Page". Many Rules and historical periods also have discussion E-groups on Yahoo or SmartGroups. You will generally find that most of the people accessed through these many sources are happy to help a new gamer. You may also find free rules available through enthusiast and manufacturer web-sites.

Purchasing your rules before buying your figures will help to keep you from buying a bunch of figures of the wrong scale, or that are otherwise not usable. Read through the rules to make sure that they seem to capture the "spirit" that you are looking for. After becoming acquainted with the rules, begin acquiring the other components of the game.

Scenarios and TO&Es
The number and types of miniatures that you need will be dictated by the battles that you will fight. Many rules come with some game scenarios included. Others will have companion scenario books. Try to get an idea of the theatre of operations (for example: the Eastern front of WW2) or scenarios that you will be fighting before purchasing miniatures.

There are three slightly different types of lists that can be used to describe the figures needed to make up your miniature army. They are the army list, the Order of Battle (OrBat or OOB), and the Table of Organizations and Equipment (TO&E).

An army list is a list of unit types, their composition, and often a rules related point cost. Army lists are frequently used for tournament type games, where the player chooses a certain number of points worth of troops to build or design his table top army.

The order of battle is usually a scenario related list of troops available for a specific scenario. Sometimes a TO&E is still needed in conjunction with an OOB. An OOB may tell you how many companies and battalions to use, but not the composition of those companies and battalions. A TO&E is then consulted.

TO&Es list the equipment and number of troops making up units within an army under ideal circumstances. Sometimes incomplete or special units will be needed in a scenario. In these instances, an order of battle will usually detail those special unit compositions.

OOBs are usually included as an integral part of a scenario; while, army lists and TO&Es are often marketed separately. More information can be found from sources in Appendices 2 and 4.

Choosing and Buying Figures
Now that you have selected a period, and have your rules and/or an army list, you are ready to select figures. Refer to the Appendix 1 for a list of figure manufacturers for various scales, and to Appendix 2 for sources of those figures on the web, also inquire at your local hobby shop; they will probably be happy to special order items not carried in their shop. Many manufacturers and retailers on the web will have pictures of their figures, for those that don't, try checking some of the sites listed in Appendix 4. Other sources are hobby magazines (listed in Appendix 3) or in catalogs from various manufacturers. Some of these catalogs will be free, but others can cost as much as $12.00.

When buying figures, consider the quality of the sculpting, casting quality (lots of flash means more cleaning time), packaging (must you buy 100 figs when 12 are needed), completeness of the manufacturer's line of figures, and the style of sculpting (are they slight or robust in stature?).

Basing and Painting Your Figures
Once your figures have arrived, you will need to clean, base, and paint them, not necessarily in that order. You will need to develop your own method here, but the following should be somewhat helpful.

If your rules call for individually based figures, you can base them before painting. Depending on your methods, this may or may not be advantageous. If your rules call for multiple figures per stand, you will probably want to paint the figures before basing them. This will ease the painting process, as multiple figures on a stand may not give adequate access to each during the painting process. Many figure painters temporarily mount the figures on sticks, empty paint bottles, etc. to facilitate painting.

Cleaning Figures
Cleaning the figures simply consists of removing sprues and flash created during the casting process. This can be done with hobby knives, small needle files, and diagonal flush cutters (wire cutters). These tools can be found at many hobby shops, or ordered on line (see Appendix 2 for tool suppliers).

On some occasions, figures may have mold releases on them. This will result in paint not sticking to the figure. Usually, washing the figure in warm soapy water will adequately clean them.

Types of Paints
There are a wide variety paints suitable for painting your figures. These include model and hobby enamels and acrylics, various craft acrylics, artist's oils and acrylics, etc. Appendix 5 offers a list of brands and sources for these paints. Model enamels will require solvent cleaners and often leave off dangerous or annoying fumes. Acrylics are water-soluble and tend to be more user friendly.

Uniform and Equipment painting Guides
Proper uniform and equipment colors can be found in a variety of sources, most notably in uniform painting guides printed by a variety of publishers and on some web sites. Some of these are listed in Appendices 3& 4. Once you have the appropriate colors, you are ready to paint.

Painting Method
Everyone has to develop a technique of their own, but there are certain basic methods that can be discussed briefly below. More about painting techniques can be found on some of the web sites listed in Appendix 4.

Priming
Priming your figures can protect them and will promote more consistent paint coverage. There is a variety of hobby primers available, ranging from white through various shades of gray to black. Different techniques will require different colors of primer. White or light gray primers will allow the bright colors such as red and yellow to remain bright. Darker primers often dull down these bright colors a little. Depending on the technique, black primer can be incorporated into the paint job to produce antiqued or shadowy looking figures.

Painting
Painting can consist of a base coat of color on the various parts of the figure, a flesh-tone on hands and feet, appropriate colors on the tunic, packs, boots, etc. Many gamers prefer to shade the colors on the figure (especially larger scales such as 20mm, 25mm, and 28mm) to bring out details and make them look more realistic. There are several methods of doing this.

First is true shading through blending the colors. This is done much the same way as when painting on a canvas, applying some paint to the figure and then applying and mixing darker (in recessed areas) and lighter colors (on raised areas) as is needed. The fast drying nature of some acrylics can make this method challenging at times.

Washing involves painting all of the base colors and then applying a very thin stain that seeks out the recesses in the figure. The effect is to darken the deeper or recessed portions of the figure. Stains can be mixed by thinning a dark color, usually a black or brown, sometimes a blue or other shade. The ratio of thinner to paint can range widely, but I would suggest starting out generally with a 9 or 10 to one ratio of paint to thinner/water (depending on the type of paint). You will need to experiment to find the right mixture of wash to fit your taste.

Dry-brushing involves painting all of the basic colors onto the figure and then highlighting them with lightened shades (i.e. light green on green, light blue on blue) of the base colors. To dry-brush, a small amount of the lighter shade of paint is applied to the brush, most of which is then wiped off on a cloth. The paint remaining on the brush is gently brushed onto the high points or raised details of the figure. The result is that a light dusting of paint is actually applied to the figure. Dry-brushing can be applied after staining to maximize the contrast in colors.

Any or all of these methods can be used to paint your figures. More information regarding figure painting can be found in books dedicated to the subject and at the sites listed in Appendix 4.

Sealing Figures
Most gamers will apply a clearcoat or seal their figures after painting to protect the paint from wear during handling. A variety of dull or matte, semi-gloss, and gloss sealants are available both from hobby venders and other paint suppliers. Hobby sealants come in both spray and brush on types. Some sources listed in Appendix 4 will offer detailed methods of sealing figures. Depending on the method, sealing after basing may or may not be favorable; you will need to judge for yourself.

Basing Figures
Many rules systems use specific basing methods that relate to various unit frontages tied into the mechanics of the game. Others will offer recommendations, while yet others will have no specific basing restrictions. Note the base sizes for the various types of troops listed in your rules. Bases can be made of various paper card stock, Bass or Balsa wood, Styrene plastic, or metal. Balsa is easy to cut to size but very soft and not very durable, while Bass wood is a bit harder to work with, but much more durable. Styrene sheet is easy to work with, just scribe and snap, and quite forgiving if the stand of figures is dropped. Metal bases offer two advantages; they are very thin and unobtrusive on the table, and storage boxes lined with magnetic rubber sheet will hold your troops nicely during travel. Round washers are often used as bases for the larger scales of figures. Bases can be finished by simply painting them, or a combination of texturing, painting and flocking with many of the same materials discussed in the terrain section below.

Purchasing Painted Figures
If painting figures is not your thing, you can contract a figure painter. There are basically two methods in which this is done. Some painters will require you to purchase the figs and possibly clean and/or base them, and then send the figures to the painter, ready for paint. Some figure painters will purchase them and work the figure cost into the painting charge. You can find out more about this through the gaming magazines and towards the end of Appendix 2.

Some venders have pre-painted armies already on hand; these can be new or used depending on the vender. You simply need to contact them and order the painted army. You may also find fellow gamers who have simply changed interests, and wish to sell their old painted army. Some sources for these can be found in Appendices 2 and 4.

 

Terrain
The amount of detail and realism that you give to your terrain will depend on personal preference. Some features of the terrain may be dictated by the rules that you use. Be sure to read the terrain related sections of your rules before making terrain pieces. Please refer to the appendices for suppliers of tools and materials for many of the terrain components addressed below.

Cloth Terrain
About the simplest terrain that can be made consists of a cloth or felt sheet of an appropriate color (green for woodlands, tan for desert, etc.) with strips of various colors of cloth cut and laid over it to represent roads, streams, etc. Even hills and forest can be represented by simply laying irregular shapes of cloth on the base sheet. The elevation of hills can be indicated by layering concentric pieces of cloth on one another. Placing blocks or books under the cloth can create rolling hills.

Terrain Mats
The next step in terrain is to make or purchase terrain mats. These are basically a painted or flocked material mat that can be rolled or folded for storage, but with the painted/flocked surface offers a much dressier battlefield when done.

Hills
Free-standing hills can be made by shaping chunks of foam, or layered sections of acoustic ceiling tiles, layering pieces of cardboard, etc. The foam can be shaped with a serrated knife, sanding blocks, Surform tools (ask at your local hardware store) and/or hacksaw blades. Interesting effects can be achieved by simply breaking off pieces of ceiling tile and gluing them together in layers together with an appropriate adhesive or glue (white glue, thick craft glue, hot melt, or Super 77 spray adhesive by 3M are options). Any of these materials can be finished by any combination of painting, texturing, and flocking as addressed below. These free-standing hills can be used in conjunction with clothe, terrain mats, or any other modular terrain system.

Modular terrain
Modular foam terrain can be purchased finished, as unfinished kits, or made from scratch. Both square and hex shaped pieces of precut terrain are commercially available. Additionally, pieces of white beadboard foam, or even better, polystyrene insulation board ( pink, green, or blue foam board from the home improvement store) can be used. It can be cut with a straight edge and sharp razor knife or power saw, and shaped and sanded with hacksaw blades, serrated knives, surform tools, small orbital sanders, and foam sanding blocks.

The terrain can be textured with plaster, spackle, and/or acrylic pastes, and finished with acrylic paint and/or colored ground foam flocking materials found at the model railroad shop. Acrylic artist's matte medium can be used as a glue for affixing flocking materials. An alternative to the ground foam are acrylic artist's gels that have a grit suspended in them. Gels of various coarseness can be applied with a brush or putty knife to achieved various textures and painted to represent earth and foliage.

Roads, Streams and Foliage
Roads, streams and rivers can be built into the terrain, or purchased as modular units that rest on your terrain boards. Various companies offer both rigid resin castings and flexible latex pieces that are quite attractive

Underbrush and even trees, depending on game scale, can be represented with lichen. This is a dyed plant that grows especially well in tundra areas, and is readily available at model railroad shops. Additionally, a variety of trees, finished and in kit form, are offered commercially for the model railroad and game industry. Trees and foliage can also be scratch-built from natural materials and supplies from hobby shops and craft stores. Dried or artificial flowers can be used with cuttings from bushes to produce natural looking trees, though durability of natural materials may be a problem. Palms and ferns can be made from artificial fern fronds and leaflets. Trunks can be made of pipe cleaners, wire covered by wood or modeling putties, or wire wrapped in craft tape. Be creative.

Buildings, and Other Constructs
Buildings can be purchased finished or unfinished, some as one-piece castings, others as kits, or built from scratch. The scope or level of game being played may dictate the types or details of the buildings being used. For example, a skirmish game may require large structures, with interior detail or access, while a regimental level game might only require a few small, solid buildings to represent a town. Refer to your rules for information relating to the types of structures needed.

Buildings can be scratch built from foamcore, cardboard, plastic sheet, or wood. Detail items such as windows, doors, exterior siding or finish materials, chimneys, etc. can be purchased commercially from model railroad suppliers, or made from scratch-building supplies. While some items are peculiar to a certain railroad scale, they often can be used in other game scales; for example, a medium sized window made for HO scale railroads would simply be a large window in 15mm scale.

Fences, stone walls, light posts, fountains, etc. can also be purchased or built as per the buildings above. You can also often find items in craft stores or toy stores that are of use.

Miscellaneous Gaming Items
Other items that you may need include dice of various types, rulers, string or small toy periscopes (for determining line of sight), graph paper, etc. Refer to your rules to see just what is needed. Some of these items are available at many discount stores, others are specifically game related and will be found at appropriate hobby shops, or at sources in the appendices.

The 3 R's: References, Resources, and Research
Finding information needed to assemble the games is probably the most complex part of historical miniatures gaming. Depending on the level of interest, you may put quite a bit of effort into it. The most readily available sources are books, and websites. A wide variety of new and used books are available through various internet and mail order stores, additionally you will find a lot of free information on enthusiast and hobby manufacturer websites. Other sources are, libraries, historical societies and organizations, museums, and sometimes private collections. Not so obvious sources can Government organizations and publications, antique and collectable items, survivors of actual conflicts, etc.

Government bookstores offer a variety of publications that can be useful to gamers. Maps printed by state and federal Departments of Natural Resources can sometimes be useful, as can their foreign counterparts. Companies specializing in old or antique documents and maps can provide some interesting information. Old/antique post cards and calendars can be of help with historical sites, ship colors, and uniforms. Within the realm of commercially available books, texts on archeology, architecture, and various other subjects related to history can often provide useful information. Don't limit yourself to searching just military history, you will miss much of what is out there. Specific resource information and sources can be found in the Appendices 2 and 4.

Time to Game
Hopefully, this has given you enough information to get started, or at least have made you aware of things to look for and considerations that should be made. If you have further questions about getting started in the hobby, please email me at bcoleary@worldnet.att.net and I will attempt to answer your questions or put you in touch with someone who can.

Appendices and Glossary

1) Historical Miniartures Gaming Periods, Game Rules, and Figure Manufacturers
The historical periods below consist of general historical periods and specific wars. In some cases the specific wars are also are a portion of more general periods listed, but have specific rules and/or miniatures that support the specific war and are broken out as such for the reader's convenience. The list below is not comprehensive, but lists many of the more popular periods, rules, and miniatures.

 Period  Rules  Scale/Figure Manufacturers
 Modern  A Fist Full of Tows, Challenger 2000, Modern Africa, Sand Oil & Blood 28mm Brittania, Devil Dog, Brooke Miniatures, The Assault Group
20mm Platoon 20, SHQ
15mm Cannon Fodder, Quality Castings, Peter Pig, Irregular, Quick Reaction Force
1/285 GHQ, CnC, Heroics & Ros
 Cold War  A Fist Full of Tows, Challenger 2000,
Combined Arms, Battle Captain
 20mm Platoon 20, SHQ, Skytrex
1/87 HO Roco, Kibri, Komo(Premo)
15mm Cannon Fodder, Quality Castings,Peter Pig, Irregular, Skytrex Quick Reaction Force
1/285 GHQ, CnC, Heroics & Ros, Skytrex
 Arab Israeli / Middle Eastern Conflicts  From Sinai to Golan {Clash of Armor}, IDF, East of Suez, Battle Captain  20mm Platoon 20, Skytrex
15mm Quality Castings, Quick Reaction Force, Skytrex
1/285 GHQ, CnC, Heroics & Ros, Skytrex
 Vietnam  Charlie Company, Mekong  28mm The London War Room, Eureka, Baker Company
20mm Brittania, SHQ, Platoon 20, RAFM, Skytrex
15mm Quality Castings, Peter Pig, Quick Reaction Force, Skytrex
1/285 GHQ, CnC, Skytrex, Irregular
 Korea  East of Suez, Battle Captain  20mm Skytrex
15mm Quality Castings, Quick Reaction Force, Skytrex
1/300 Skytrex
 World War 2  Command Decision 3,
Mein Panzer, Battleground, Where Panzers Dare, Clash of Armor, Battlefront, Spearhead
 28mm Battle Honours, Westwind, Foundry, Black Tree Design, Artizan Design
20mm Brittania, BP Cast, FAA, SHQ, Irregular, Platoon 20, Raventhorpe, Skytrex
1/87 HO Roco
15mm Quality Castings, Peter Pig, Old Glory, Yucca, Outcast, Skytrex
10mm GHQ, Perrin, Quick Reaction Force
1/285 GHQ, CnC, Adler, Heroics and Ros, Airpower (SDD), Skytrex
 World War 2 Naval  General Quarters, Command at Sea  1/2400 GHQ, CnC, Superior
1/4800 CnC
 Spanish Civil War  Que,
Viva El Cristo Rey!,Wargame Rules for the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939
 20mm SDD, Irregular
15mm Quick Reaction Force
6mm Irregular
 World War 1  Over the Top, Trench  28mm Renegade Miniatures, Honourable Lead Boiler Suite, 25mm Irregular
20mm Irregular
15mm Peter Pig, MiniFigs, Freikorps, Feudal Castings
6mm Irregular
 World War 1 Air  Red Baron, Blue Max  1/144 Skytrex
 World War 1 Naval  General Quarters2, Fear God and Dread Naught  1/2400 GHQ, CnC
 Colonial (Victorian Wars)
Boxer Rebellion
Boer Wars
Spanish American War
Sudan
Zulu War
Indian Mutany
Colonial Adventure
 The Sword & the Flame, Fields of Honor, Volley and Bayonet,  28mm Old Glory, Foundry, Castaway Arts, Black Tree Design, Cannon Fodder Miniatures, Mark Copplestone, Honourable Lead Boiler Suite, Scheltrum, Parroom Station
25mm Monday Knight Productions, Reveresco, Irregular
15mm Essex, Battle Honours
10mm Perrin
6mm Irregular
 Old West/ plains Wars  Desparado, Warpaint, Dog Soldiers, Fields of Honor  28mm Old Glory, Foundry
15mm Freikorps
15mm Peter Pig
 Franco Prussian War  Fields of Honor, They Died for Glory, In the Age of Bismarck & Napoleon III
Principles of War,
 28mm Castaway Arts, Battle Honors, Foundry
25mm Helion
15mm Essex, Rank & File, Minifigs, Outpost, Freikorps
10mm Chariot, True North, Perrin
 American Civil War  Johnny Reb 3, Fire & Fury, Brother against Brother (skirmish), Mr. Lincoln's War, Rally 'Round the Flag  28mm Old Glory, Dixon, Mark Fenlon,
15mm old Glory, Essex, Battle Honours, Irregular, Museum Miniatures, Muskit Miniatures,
10mm Irregular, Perrin
6mm Adler, Baccus, Irregular
 American Civil War Naval  Smoke on the Water  1/600 Thoroughbread,
1/1200 NavWar, Houston's Ship, Langton
 Mexican American War  Santa Anna

 15mm Musket Miniatures

6mm Irregular

 Texas Independence  Santa Anna  28mm Cannon Fodder Miniatures
 Napoleonic Era  From Valmy to Waterloo, Le Petite Empereur, Le Grognards {Piquet}, Napoleon's Battles, Shako, Age of Eagles  28mm Foundry, Old Glory, Miniatures, Essex
25mm Calpe
20mm Irregular
15mm Battle Honours, Old Glory,Essex, SHQ, Museum Minatures, Freikorps
6mm Adler, Baccus, Irregular
 War of 1812  Dawns Early Light  25mm Old Glory, Foundry, Front Rank,
20mm Irregular
 American War of Independence  Patriots and loyalists, The British are Coming, Volley and Bayonet, Guns and Liberty  28mm Old Glory, Dixon
25mm Front Rank, Musket Miniatures
15mm Essex, Battle Honours, Musket Miniatures, Freikorps
 Seven Years War  Age of Kings, Koenig Kreig  28mm Old Glory
25mm Front Rank, , Sash & Sabre,
20mm Bataillenfeur
15mm Old Glory, Essex, Battle Honours, Quick Reaction Force
6mm Adler
 French & Indian War  Woodland Wars, Habitants and Highlanders  28mm Old Glory, Dixon,
25mm Front Rank, Irregular
20mm Irregular
15mm Irregular
 Golden Age of Piracy  Pirates, Buccaneer, Broadsword & Blunderbuss, Blood & Swash / Thunder & Plunder, Limeys & Slimeys, Pieces of Eight

 28mm Old Glory, Foundry, Dixon, Eureka,
25mm Redoubt
15mm Peter Pig

Buildings-Old Glory, Hovels, Grand Manner,
Ships 28mm - J&T Miniatures, Village Green, Outland Games,
Ships 15mm- Outland, SDD

 English Civil War  Forlorn Hope, For God King & Country  28mm Renegade Miniatures, Essex
15mm Irregular, Museum Miniatures, Freikorps, Tetsudo
10mm Irregular
6mm Baccus
 Thirty Years War  Dutchman, Spaniard,
Switzer, Swede
DBR (De Bellis Renations)
 15mm Irregular, Freikorps, Testudo
 War of the Roses  Flower of Chivalry  25mm Front Rank
15mm Feudal Castings
 Hundred Years War  Flower of Chivalry  25mm Front Rank
 Dark Age, Middle Age, Medieval, Norman Conquest, Crusades,etc  Days of Knights, DBA, DBM, Armati,, Battlelust, Flower of Chivalry  28mm Old Glory, Testudo, Foundry, Essex, Gripping Beast, Scheltrum
15mm Essex, Irregular, Museum Miniatures,
6mm Irregular
 Ancients (Biblical and Classical)  DBA (De Bellis Antiquitatis
), DBM (De Bellis Multitudinis), Warhammer Ancient Battles,Archon {Piquet}, Armati, Tactica, WRG Ancients

 28mm Old Glory, Foundry, Essex, Black Tree Design, Irregular, Navigator Miniatures,
15mm Essex, Old Glory, Falcon UK, Irregular, Museum,

15mm Miniatures, Peter pig
6mm Baccus, Irregular


A rules title followed by a second title in brackets{}denotes a period module that requires purchase of a base set of rules.


2)Retailers, Manufacturers, Book Sellers, and Miscellaneous Supplies
Sources are presented below for most of the product lines addressed elsewhere in this document. The products listed for the game venders are not comprehensive listings and changes in product lines occur constantly. All URLs were active as of 01/12/03.

 Gaming Venders  URL  Miniature Brands Carried
 Adler http://home.clara.net/adlermin  Adler
 The Assault Group Assualt Group  http://www.theassaultgroup.com  (American Heroes)
 Baccus http://www.baccus6mm.com  Baccus 6mm, Buildings
  Bataillenfeur (Outland Games) http://63.97.38.229  From Outland Games
  Baker Company (19th Century Miniatures http://oldglory15s.com  From 19th Century Games
 Battle Honours (19th Century Miniatures)   http://oldglory15s.com  From 19th Century Games
 Black Tree Design  http://www.black-tree-design.com/index.html  From Brookhurst,
  Brigade Games http://www.brigadegames.com  Alternative Armies, Eureka,Castaway Arts, Black Tree &more
  Brittania (Combined Arms) http://www.combinedarmsinc.com  Available from Combined Arms
 Brookhurst Hobbies   http://brookhursthobbies.com  Black Tree, Gripping Beast, FAA, SHQ,
 Cannon Fodder Miniatures  http://canfodmins.com/CATALOG.htm  
 Castaway Arts  http://www.castawayarts.com.au  Available from Brigade Games
 Chariot Miniatures  http://www.kbnet.co.uk/chariot  
 Combined Arms Inc.  http://www.combinedarmsinc.com  Brittania, Monolith Design (Buildings), Battlefront Design
 Devil Dog Designs  http://www.devildogdesign.com/home.htm  
 Dixon (Wargames)  http://www.dixon-minis.com  Available from Wargames
  Copplestone Castings http://gisby.org/copplestone.htm  Available from RLBPS
  Essex (Wargames) http://www.essexminiatures.co.uk  Available from Wargames
 Eureka   http://www.eurekamin.com.au  Available from Brigade Games
  Feudal Castings http://www.feudalcastings.co.uk  Available from Rampant Lion
  Foundry http://www.wargamesfoundry.com/asp/nocookie.asp  
  Freikorps http://www.gtns.net/freikorp  Freikorp 15, Platoon 20, and A&A Miniatures
 Grandiosity   http://www.warweb.com  Battle Honors, Bicorne, Dixon, GHQ, Grip Beast, & more
 Grand Manner   http://www.grandmanner.co.uk  Available from RLBPS
  Gripping Beast http://www.grippingbeast.com  Available From Grandiosity, or RLBPS
  Helion & Company http://www.helion.co.uk  Available from the Miniature Service Center
 Heroics & Ros (H&R)   See The Last Square  Available from The Last Square
  Honourable Lead Boiler http://www.helion.co.uk  Available from RLBPS
  Irregular http://www.irregularminiatures.co.uk  From Silver eagle Wargame Supplies
 GFI Minifigs    
 GHQ   http://www.ghqmodels.com  Also available from Grandiosity
 Hovels Ltd   http://www.hovelsltd.co.uk  Available from Wargames
  Langton Miniatures http://www.rodlangton.com  Available from Brookhurst Hobbies (Ships and Buildings)
 The Last Square   http://www.lastsquare.com  Merrimack, H&R, Thoroughbred, Westwind, Muskit &more
 The London War Room  http://www.thelondonwarroom.com  Parrom Station, Newline Designs,Redoubt, Houston's Naval
 Mammoth Miniatures (Scheltrum)  http://website.lineone.net/~model.design.craft/modelhome.html  Mammoth, Scheltrum, Denizen
  Main Force(Hallmark aka Noble) SeeLast Square  
 MiniFigs (GFI Minifigs)   http://www.minifigs.com  Minfigs, Heriatge Crest
 Monday Knight Productions  http://www.geohex.com/mkpindex.htm  
 Museum Miniatures   http://www.museumminiatures.co.uk  
 Musket Miniatures  http://www.musketminiatures.com  
 The Nafziger Collection  http://home.fuse.net/nafziger/index.html  Books and OOB's
 19th Century Miniatures   http://oldglory15s.com  Baker Co., Battle Honors, Old Glory15mm, Quality Castings, +
 NavWar productions Ltd.  http://www.navwar.freeserve.co.uk  Available from Regal Miniatures
  The Miniature Service Center http://www.miniatureservicecenter.com  Redoubt, Front Rank, Battlegroup, Abbotts, Black Tree & more
 Old Glory Miniatures   http://www.oldgloryminiatures.com  Also available from Grandiosity
 Outland Games   http://63.97.38.229  Bataillenfeur, Outcast Minis, Flags, Ships, and more
 Outpost Wargames Service  http://www.outpostwargameservices.co.uk  Available from Brookhurst Hobbies
 Parroom Station   http://www.parroomstation.net  From The London War Room
 Perrin   http://www.perrinminis.com  
 Peter Pig   http://www.peterpig.demon.co.uk  Available from Brookhurst Hobbies
 Quick Reaction Force   http://www.quickreactionforce.co.uk  
 Rampant Lion  http://ourworld-top.cs.com/rampantlionac8/myhomepage/business.html  Feudal Castings
  Rank & File (19th Century Minis) http://oldglory15s.com  Available from Wargames
 Raventhorpe (RLBPS)    
 Redoubt Enterprises   http://www.redoubtenterprises.com  Available from the Miniatures Service Center
 Renegade Miniatures    Available from brigade Games
 Reveresco   http://www.tin-soldier.com  
 RLBPS (Robert Bowling)   http://www.rlbps.com  Copplestone, Front Rank, Gripping Beast,HLBS, & more
 Sash & Sabre   http://www.sashandsaber.com  
 Scheltrum (Mammoth Miniatures)  http://website.lineone.net/~model.design.craft/modelhome.html  Available through Mammoth Miniatures (Model, Design, & Craft)
 Silver Eagle Wargame Supplies  http://hometown.aol.com/eaglewars/private/sews.html  Irregular, Tin Soldier, Ainsty
 The Squadron Shop   http://www.squadron.com  Models and books
 Stone Mountain Miniature  http://www.historicalminiatures.com  Adler, Stone Mountain, Denizen, Buildings, Flags
 Thoroughbred  http://www.thoroughbredmodels.com  Also available from Grandiosity
 True North Productions  http://underworld.fortunecity.com/grandprix/623  
 Wargames   http://www.speartorifle.com  Dixon, Essex, Quick Reaction Force, Buildings, books &more
 West Wind Productions   http://www.westwindproductions.co.uk  Available from Grandiosity
     

 Book Sources  URL  Notes
 Amazon   http://www.amazon.com  Online book store
 Barnes and Noble http://www.barnesandnoble.com  Online book store
 Edward R. Hamilton Bookseller  http://www.edwardrhamilton.com  Discounted and close out books
 Ebay   http://www.ebay.com  On line auctions
 On Military Matters   http://www.onmilitarymatters.com  Military History Books
  RZM Publications http://www.rzm.com/main/main.cfm  Military History periodicals and Books
 Schiffer Publishing    
 Scholars Bookshelf   http://www.scholarsbookshelf.com  Military History Books

 Figure Painters  URL  e-mail
 All About Miniatures  http://hometown.aol.com/jleahy5555/page3.html  JLEAHY5555@aol.com
 Dayton Painting Consortium (DPC)    RADETZKY@PRODIGY. NET
 Outland Games  http://www.outlandgames.bizhosting.com  Outland@erinet.com
 Robert L. Bowling Painting Service  http://home.earthlink.net/~rlbpsb/frameset.htm  rlbpsb@earthlink.net

 Tool & Supply Sources  URL  Notes
  Micromark http://www.micromark.com  Miniature and model building tools
 Plastruct  http://www.plastruct.com  Plastic shapes for model builders
 Small Parts, Inc.   http://www.smallparts.com  Misc. small hardware
 Walthers, Inc  http://www.walthers.com  Model railroad supplies

 Maps, Ship Plans, Misc  URL  Notes
  Maryland Silver Company http://www.marylandsilver.com  Books, ship plans, ship kits
 Taubman Plans Service Ship plans    



 

3) Reference Books for Various HiHistorical Period Title, Author (focus of book)storical Periods
The titles listed below have been thought useful with respect to gaming. No book is all encompassing and the focus of the title is often summarized at the end of its entry below. Not all books listed below will be in print at any one time, though those out of print may be available through Ebay or used book shops.
 Historical Period  Title, Author (focus of book)
 Modern  Jane's AFV Recognition Handbook by Christopher F. Foss (armor)
Black Hawk Down by Mark Bowden
 Cold War  Weapons & Tactics of the Soviet Union by David C. Isby (equipment, TO&E, tactic)
 Arab Israeli

 The Arab -Israeli Wars by Chaim Herzog (history '48-'82)

The War of Atonement by Chaim Herzog (History of '73 war)
On the Bank of the Suez by Avraham Aden (history of Egyptian Front '73
Tank Battles of the Mid-East Wars vol.1 by Steven J. Zaloga (markings and camo)
Lightning Out of Israel by The Associated Press (hist. of 67 war, OOP, try ebay/used books)

 Vietnam   We Were Soldiers Once and Young, by Col. Hal Moore
Osprey at least 4 MAA titles, 3 Elite, and 1 Campaign title available
Squadron/Signal In Action Series- many titles available
 Korea   Korea by Max Hastings
Osprey MAA 174 The Korean War 1950-53
Forgotten War by Clay Blair
 WW2  The Second World War by John Keegan ( overview history of the whole war)
The Polish Campaign 1939 by Steven Zaloga & Victor Madej (history)
Blitzkrieg in the West; Then and Now by Jean Paul Pallud (History of 1940 campaign)
The Russo-German War by Albert Seaton (history of Eastern front)
Battle of the Bulge by Danny S. Parker (history)
Closing with the enemy: How GIs fought in the war in Europe, 1944-1945 by Michael
D.Doubler (Inf Tactics w/summary of TO&E and equipment)
Encyclopedia of German Tanks of WW2 by Peter Chamberlain & Hilary Doyle (armor)
Panzer Truppen (vols. 1&2) by Thomas L. Jentz (armor, TO&E, History, tactics)
The Armed Forces of WW2 (uniforms)
Blitzkrieg by Steven J. Zaloga (camouflage & markings '39-'40)
Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of WW2 by Steven J. Zalogo & James Grandsen
Osprey- Obver 20 MAA titles, numerous New Vanguard and at least 6 Campaign titles available
Squadron/Signal In Action Series- many titles available
 WW2 Naval The United States Navy in WWII by Samuel E. Morrison, (13 vols. Ea.covers a
specific campaign or theater.)
Jane's Fighting Ships of World War 2
 WW2 Air  Squadron/Signal In Action Series- many titles available
 Spanish Civil War  Osprey MAA 74 The Spanish Civil War
  WW1 The Price of Glory: Verdun, by Alistar Horne
Oprey MAA at least 6 titles related to WW1
Europa Militaria 3 - World War One Infantry in color photographs by Laurent Mirouze
 WW1 Nava l Janes: Fighting Ships of WW1
 WW1 Air   Squadron/Signal In Action Series- many titles available
 Colonial Queen Victoria's Little Wars by Byron Farwell (history)
Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905 (encyclopedia of ships)
The Colonial Wars Source Book by Philip J. Haythornthwaite (general history)
Battle in Africa by Howard Whitehouse
Osprey at least 8 MAA and 10 Campaign Series books available
Boxer Rebellion- The Fists of Righteous Harmony by Henry Keown-Boyd (history)
Osprey MAA 95- The Boxer Rebellion by Lynn E. Bodin (uniforms, history)
Boer Wars The Anglo Boer War by Michael Barthorp
The Boer War by Thomas Pakenham
Spanish American War Brassey's Spanish American War 1898 by Ron Field (uniforms)
Sudan
The River War by Winston Churchill
Indian Mutiny The Great Mutany by Christopher Hibbet
 Old West/Plains Wars   Osprey MAA 163 American Plains Indians
Osprey MAA 168 US Cavalry 1850-1890
  Franco Prussian War The Franco Prussian War by Michael Howard
  American Civil War Battle in the Civil War: Generalship and Tactics in America, 1861-65,by Paddy Griffith,
(1986)(generalship and tactics)
Osprey- At least 10 MAA, and 5 Campaign series available.
 American Civil War Naval By Sea and By River: The Naval History of the Civil War". Bern Anderson.1962.
(Good one volume reference to the ACW naval war)
Thunder on the Mississippi by Jack Coombe (hist of the Mississippi River campaign
Capital Navy by John Coski ( coverage of the James River Squadron)
 Texas War of Independence  Osprey MAA 173-The Alamo and the Texan War of Independence
 Napoleonic   Osprey MMA -there are over 30 Men at Arms titles for this period.
 War of 1812 The War of 1812 in the Old Northwest by Alec R. Gilpin Published by MSU Press.
Ft. Meigs and the War of 1812 (Orderly Book of Cushing's Co. 2nd. US Artillery)
The Personal Diary of Capt. Daniel Cushing ed. by Harlow Lindley, pub. by The Ohio Historical Society.
 American War of Independence  Osprey MAA 273 General Washington's Army
 Seven Years War The Anatomy of Victory: Battle tactics 1689-1763 Nosworthy, Brent. (1992) (18thC. Tactic)
 French & Indian   Osprey MAA 228- American Woodland Indians
 Pirates Pirates 1660-1730 by Angus Konstam & Angus McBride, Osprey( history, uniform
Pirates! Brigands, Buccaneers and Privateers in Fact, Fiction and Legend" by Jan
Rogozinski (Pub: Facts on File, Inc.)(encyclopedia of pirates fact and fiction)
The History of Pirates" by Angus Konstam (Lyons Press) Piracy from antiquity to
the modern day, illustrations and maps)
Pirate" by Richard Platt (extensive illustration)
 ECW   Osprey MAA 14 English Civil War Armies
 Thirty Years War  
 War of the Roses   Osprey MAA 145 The War of the Roses
 Hundred Years War  
 Dark Ages/Medieval   Osprey MAA-There are more than 20 titles for this era
 Ancients Osprey MAA-There are more than 15 titles for this era
Europa Militaria Special 2 - The Roman Legions Recreated in Color Photographs by Daniel Peterson
The Roman War Machine by John Peddie

 Magazines  Focus  Source
 After the battle  B&W, history of WW2  RZM Imports
 The Courier  B&W, Wargaming articles, all periods  On Military Matters
 Historical Miniatures   Color, Figure painting, uniform source  RZM Imports
 Military Illustrated  Color and B&W, history, all periods  
 Military Modeling   Color, all periods, figures and vehicles  On Military Matters
 Miniature Wargames   Color, miniature wargaming articles, all periods  On Military Matters
 MWAN   B&W wargaming articles, all periods  On Military Matters
 Steel Masters   Color, vehicle modeling, French language  RZM Imports
  Vae Victus Color, wargaming aticles, French language  On Military Matters
 Wargames Illustrated  Color, miniature wargaming articles, all periods  On Military Matters

 Historical Book Series (soft-cover)    Sources
 Armes Militaria Magazine   8.5"x12", 80+pp,B&W w/many color plates, WW2 history, French text  RZM Imports
 Arms & Armor Press   Various military periods and subjects, some B&W, some color, also some in hardback  
 Concord Publications  8.5"x 11", 70+pp, B&W w/some color plates, 20th century history.  Amazon
 Europa Militaria  7.5"x10.25", 60+pp, color uniform guides  RZM Imports
 Europa Military Specials  7.5"x10.25"96pp, color uniform, living history/re-enactment  
 Osprey Campaign Series  7.25"x9.75", 96pp, B&W and color, campaign and battle histories, various periods  RZM Imports, On Military Matters, Grandiosity
  Osprey Elite Series 7.25"x9.75", 64pp, B&W w/color plates, uniform guide with general history  RZM Imports, On Military Matters, Grandiosity
 Osprey Men at Arms Series   7.25"x9.75", 48or more pp, B&W w/color plates, uniform guide with general history  RZM Imports, On Military Matters, Grandiosity
 Osprey New Vanguard   7.25"x9.75", 48or more pp, B&W w/color plates, vehicle and equipment history  RZM Imports, On Military Matters, Grandiosity
 Osprey Warrior Series   7.25"x9.75", 64 pp, B&W w/color plates, uniform guide with general history  RZM Imports, On Military Matters, Grandiosity
 Schiffer publishing   8.25"x11.75" B&W, 50+pp, WW2 equipment (usually German), also many hardback title.  RZM Imports
 Squadron/Signal In Action Series  11"x 8.25" approx. 60pp, B&W w/ color plates, each covers an aircraft, ship, or vehicle.  The Squadron Shop
 Squadron/Signal Publications  8.5"x11" approx. 80pp, B&W with some color, various 20th century equipment and campaigns   The Squadron Shop



4) Historical Miniatures Gaming Resource Web Sites
The following sites were all active as of 01/12/03. Please remember that sites and hosts change constantly. Also remember that content of most sites and discussion groups is offered by enthusiasts and errors do occur.

 Research Sites  URL  Content